Thu 9 Jan 2020
THOUGHTS ON CORNELL WOOLRICH, by Dan Stumpf
Posted by Steve under Authors , Reference works / Biographies[3] Comments
by Dan Stumpf
Just finished re-reading Mike Nevins’ Woolrich bio: First You Dream, Then You Die, an excellent work and one I recommend highly.
It was Nevins who reminded me, almost 50 years ago, how fine a writer Woolrich was. I had read and been very impressed by Rendezvous in Black, back in the 60s, but Nevin’s well-edited collection of Woolrich short stories, Nightwebs, got me seriously into collecting him, and turned me on to a lot of very fine tales.
There’s one point, though, where I disagree with Nevins seriously, and I’m afraid it’s a point that he insists on over and over:
The Police in Woolrich books are always out there. Everywhere. Vaguely menacing, impossibly vigilant, and unconscionably brutal. They do things in Woolrich stories that would make LAPD look like Quakers. Naturally, Attorney Nevins is appalled by all these shenanigans, and he says so. But he also implies that Woolrich himself condemns such tactics, and that he means for his readers to be horrified by them as well.
But unfortunately for Woolrich’s reputation with those of a progressive nature, I have never seen any sign in any of his books that he regarded the Cops as anything Other than a Fact of Life, and their fantastically hard-nosed tactics as other than necessary. This, by the way, is not just a problem for Nevins; It’s a question that invariably confronts any fan of Woolrich — How can such a sensitive, romantic stylist condone such brutality and facism?
The answer, I think, is in Woolrich himself. Woolrich was Homosexual, but he could hardly be called Gay; By all accounts he despised himself for his attraction to men, and there are several passages in his books where he seems to positively lavish self-hatred on characters who are in any way less than manly.
It’s worth remembering, then, that homosexual conduct was against the law in Woolrich’s day, and that the Police were notoriously rough on Gays. There was a phrase still current in my childhood, “Smear the Queer,” whose frightening implications were not apparent to me until much later, but it pretty much describes the treatment a Gay could expect in those days at the hands of the Law.
Think, then, of that tormented mind when Woolrich knew that at any time, he might be caught by the slimiest of dodges and subjected to legal torture — and probably thought he deserved it — writing of crime and necessarily of Police.
For an apt contrast, look at the obsessive detective Ed Cornell in Steve Fisher’s I Wake Up Screaming. Visually based on Woolrich himself, the bent cop does all the things a Woolrich cop might do, and comes off as purely evil. But in the view of Woolrich himself, nothing the Police did was as corrosive to Society as evil the Evil they were trying (literally) to stamp out, and hence the most outrageous conduct on the part of Cops throughout his canon gets casually shrugged off, if not defended.
This aside, First You Dream, Then You Die, is a model of what a Literary Biography should be: Informative, Analytical and compulsively readable. Go out and buy a copy. And tell ’em Stumpf sent ya.
January 9th, 2020 at 5:49 pm
Woolrich clearly sees the police in terms that are familiar in pulp fiction of the period, a force that has to be reckoned with, but whose behavior is condoned more than condemned.
Whether self hatred is the reason why I’ll leave Dan and Mike to sort out, but I do think that the books and stories reflect something in the police that Woolrich finds missing in himself, a sort of simplified almost short hand for exaggerated masculinity.
In the Woolrich stories where the cop is the hero he is almost always a tough maverick who plays fast and loose with the rules and wouldn’t be all that uncomfortable in a Carroll John Daly story as far as his attitudes go.
Even his more paternal cops tend to be no nonsense hard nosed types who ultimately only cut the protagonist slack because he is innocent in the end, but they often make clear if the law was going to hang and innocent man they will only go so far to stop it.
I suspect Woolrich both admired and feared the kind of clarity he saw in his policemen, and probably wished he had that in his personal life and character. It wouldn’t be the first time a writer admired a figure he both feared and aspired to.
Coming out of the excesses of the Twenties there was very much a backlash to gangsterism in the Thirties with tough cops playing fast and loose with the the law to bring down criminals, an early rise of the Dirty Harry types. Woolrich may simply be reflecting that in his fiction as so many pulp writers did.
January 9th, 2020 at 6:25 pm
First You Dream, Then You Die almost defeated my attempts to complete it, because I found it difficult to slog through detailed plot summaries of 24 novels and about 230 short stories – the verbiage expended on those far outweighs the pure biographical matter. Of course a literary biography will discuss the highlights of an author’s publishing career, and examine thematic strands of the work. But Mr. Nevins is much less a literary critic than a simple paraphraser, and his judgments seem arbitrary – as an Amazon commenter put it, he damns Woolrich for certain writing tendencies on one page, then, confusingly, praises him for exactly the same tendencies on another. So: a fail as a biography, a fail as criticism – in this format.
However, the information contained in the massive 613-page volume, including its long Checklist combining bibliography, filmography, and other information, is essential for any serious Woolrich reader (although it could probably stand a little updating now). The plot summaries certainly have their value when you want to know what a given story is about. I just wish the entire book had been arranged quite differently, as a sort of Woolrich handbook containing a tight 150-page biography, the Checklist as it stands, an alphabetically arranged section of the summaries, and maybe a separate critical essay (or several of those by diverse hands).
January 9th, 2020 at 10:07 pm
What I remember after starting this book was that I began to read and re-read all those short pulp stories that Nevins talked about in the book. A few stinkers, but mostly enjoyable. It was a wonderful experience and I still think it’s the best biography I’ve ever read. I’m still not sure I wanted to know as much as was told about Woolrich’s personal life, but he is still one of my favorite authors, certainly in my top three pulp writers. As far as the police in those stories, I’ll leave it to others to hash out how cruel and/or corrupt they were.
I certainly don’t remember them being any different than some of the police in any old Warner Bros. movies from the thirties.
Thanks to Dan Stumpf for bringing this bio back to life after so many years!!